Key cutting apparatus



July 5, 1932. H-. HANSEN 1,355,033

KEY CUTTING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 17, 1926 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR llar'm an l/msan Wish ATI'ORNEY July 5, 1932. HANSEN 1,866,033

KEY CUTTING APPARATUS I N ..I flllllllllll ATTORNEY July 5, 1932. HANSEN I 1,866,033

KEY CUTTING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 17, 1926 4 Sh ets-Sheet 3 l7 4 a 52 5.9 :H 63 52 5/ 7/.

I o Y ,1 069 INVENTOR 64 w Herman V Hansen Y Y 20 w TTORNEY H. HANSEN 1,866,033

July 5; 1932.

KEY CUTTING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 17, 1926 4 Sheets-$heei 4 &

INVENTOR man l/ansen Patented July 5, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HERMAN HANSEN, on NEW YO K, n. Y., nssrenon 'ro FRANCIS KEIL & son, 1110., A

CORPORATION on NEW YORK KEY CUTTING APPARATUS Application filed February 17, 1926. Serial No. 88,729.

This'invention relates to apparatus for cutting keys. One of the objects thereof is to provide key cuttingapparatus which is thoroughly practical and eflicient. Another object is to provide apparatus of the above nature which is capable of operating with a high degree of accuracy. Another object is to provide apparatus of the above nature which is capable of a wide range of use. -Another oh- 1'; ject is to provide apparatus of the above-nature which is simple to operate. Anotherobject is to provide apparatus of the above nature which is of compact'construction and rugged, adapted to withstand hard and continued usage. Other objects will be inpart obvious or in part pointed out hereinafter.

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction, combinations of elements, and arrangements of parts as will be exemplified in the structure to be hereinafter described and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the following claims. I i In the accompanying drawings in'which is shown one of the varlous possibleembodi- Figure is an elevation showing portions of the apparatusas viewed from theleft of Figure 2; Y

Figure Sis similar to Figure 5 showing the parts in anotherposition;

Figure 7 is a detail side viewof parts of the apparatus shown in Figures 5 and 6;

Figure 8 is ure 7 3 a view from the right of Fig- Figure 9 is a top plan view of the parts shown in Figures 7 and .8;

Figure 10 is a detail of parts of a driving mechanism of the apparatus;

Figure 11 is a section taken substantially along the line 11-11of Figure 10 Figure 12 is a section taken substantially along the line 1212 of Figure 1;

Figure 13 is a section taken substantially along the line 1313 of Figure 2;

Figure 14.- shows a side elevation and an end elevation of a barrel key;

Figure 15 shows diagrammatically a key blank and a master'key of the barrel type in relation to certain elements of the apparatus;

Figure 16 Shows the same key blank and master key in relation to other parts of'the apparatus;

Figure 17 shows a key-holding mechanism shown in Figure 12 but in a position differenti1 from that assumed therebyfin Figure 12, an 1 Figure 18 shows two views of a key which is held by the mechanism of Figure 17 to be operated upon.

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

Referring now to the drawings in detail and first to Figure 1, this'key cutting apparatus is shown as being mounted upon asuitable platform or base 20 and driven by an electric motor 21. It will be understood, of course,

7 that any other suitable form of power drive maybe substituted forthe motor. Upon the armature shaft of theiniotor 21 is shown a gear 22 which meshes with a gear 23 loosely rotating upon" a shaft 24., This gear 23 along the shaft 24' while permitting relativev ably supported in bearing supports 28 and 29 j and may be Connected in driving relation with the gear 23 or disconnected therefrom by means of a clutch collar 30. This collar 30 is slidable longitudinally of the shaft 24 and splined thereto by a key .31 and has a number 30a which forms the male member of a clutch of which the hubof the gear 23, suitably recessed as at 23?) is the female part. In theposition shown in the drawings the clutch 30 is operative to connect the shaft 24 in driving relation with the gear 23. In order to disconnect the drive of the shaft 24 the collar 30, being suitably knurled" as shown in Fig. 1, is grasped and is slid back along the shaft, disengaging part 3041!. from the recess 23?) of the hub, and retained in inoperative position by engagement with a pin 32a pro-V j ecting from an end collar 32 which is secured =t0 the shaft, the collar having, for example,

a bayonet joint slot into which the pin takes.

The shaft 24 has fixed thereon a gear 33 meshing with a gear 34 which is fixed upon a shaft 35 supported in bearings 36 and 37. The shaft 35 has fixed thereon a second gear 38 which meshes with a gear 39, this latter gear-being fixed upona shaft 40. The functions of these parts just described will later be gone into in detail. From the above, how

ever, it will be seen that the shaft 26 is continually connected in driving relation with the motor 21 and that the shaft 35 may be connected or disconnected from the drive of the motoras desired through the clutch mechanism 30. It will be noted that this driving mechanism ust described makes for a very compact and simple arrangement of the various parts.

Considering now the shaft 26, this shaft is rotatably supported in bearing posts 41 and- 4 2, a nd at its left-hand end carries a circular cutting tool 43. This tool is held in place upon the reduced end portion 26a of theshaft and up against a shoulder 265 by means of a nut 44, and is thus removable and replaceable by other tools by simply removing-the nut. The cutting tool 43 is rapidily rotated by its drive from the motor 21. At its portion adjacent thebearing 41, the shaft 26 has formed thereon a thread or Worm 45 with which engages a worm wheel the entrance of the worm wheel 49, the casing forming a support and thrust bearing for the shaft. As best shown in Figure 11, the worm wheel 49 is mounted to rotate freely ona shaft 53which is rotatably supported at its right-hand end in the post 41. On the left-hand face of this worm wheel is a clutch member 51 which may be formed integral with the worm wheel. A clutch member 52 is adapted to mate with the clutch member 51. This clutch member 52 is slidably mounted upon the shaft 53 and splined thereto by a suitable key 54. Thus the shaft 53 is adapted 'to be slowly rotated through the worm and worm wheel drive from the shaft The drive of the shaft 53 may be thrown in or outby means of the clutch 52-51.

The shaft 53 carries thereon a cylinder 55 having in its cylindrical outer surface a cam groove 56 (Figure 1). As shown in Figures 1 and 2 and also in Figure 5, extending between and supported by a pair of uprights 57 and 58 conveniently positioned to the front of posts 41 and 52 respectively are a pair of 7 horizontal rods 59 and 60. Slidably mounted upon these rods is a member 61 which carries upon its side facing the cam 55 a roller 62. This roller 62 (Fig. l) engages with the slot 56 in thesurface of the cam 55, the cam slot being shaped to move the member 61 back and forth along the supporting rods 59 and 60. In the position shown in the drawings, the member 61 is at its extreme left position. The groove 56 extends all the way around the cam 55 andis shaped to impart a uniform movement to the member 61. Starting from the position shown in the drawings, it will be seen that a complete rotation of the cam 55 will move the member 61 to the right and back again to its-initial position.

Also mounted upon the supporting rods 59 and to the right of the member 61 is a sec on d slidable member 63 which is shown in detail in Figure 10. This member 63 is provided with a pair of inwardly projecting arms 64 and 65 which engage with a circumferential groove 66 formed in the slidable clutch member 52 (Figure 11). In the position shown in the drawings, the clutch member 52 is moved to the right to its position of engagement with the'clutch member 51 to transmit drive to the cam 55. It Will be seen that a movement of the member 63 to the left will, through the arms 64 and 65 disengage the clutch and halt the rotation of cam 55. As best shown in Figure 2, there are provided about the supporting rods 59 and 60. at the right of the member 63 a pair of compression springs 67 and 68 which continually urge the member 63 to the left and hence urge tlre clutch member52-toward the position of disengagement. The member 63 carries a roller 69 which is adaptedto engage the right-hand end surface of the cam 55 adjacent the edge thereof. This engagement of the cam 55 with the roller 69 is adapted to hold the member 63 to the right against the action of the springs 67 and 68 and thus hold theclutch member 52 in position of engagement at all times'except when the cam is in such position of its rotation that it has moved the member neon-pas,

6 1.to its extreme left position, as showninthedrawings. At this pointa recess 7 0 formed in the end surface of the cam. 55 comes opposite the roller 69 and permits the member .63. to move to the left under the action of the springs 67 and 68, disengaging the clutch member 52. The. member 63 has pivoted. thereto by a screw 71 an upright lever 72 which is pivoted at its lower end 7 2a in the base 20, as shown in Figures 2 and 10. Bymeansof the lever 72 the member 63 maybe slid to the right manually against the action of the springs In the operation of this apparatus, theinitial positions of the cam 55 and of the sliding member 61 are as'shown in the drawings, the member 61 being at its extreme left position.- In such position ofthe parts therecess 7 O in the cam registers with the roller 69 and the springs 67 and 68 hold the clutch member 52 out, the drive of the cam 55 being thus disconnected. In order to start the drive of the cam, the member 63 is moved to the right by manual manipulation of the lever 7 2 to move the clutch member 52 into'position of engagement, these parts are shown in the drawings in the resultant position. The cam 55 then starts to rotate and the recess 7 0 moves out of registry with the roller. 69. Thereafter the end surface of the cam 55 holds the member 63 to the right and holds the clutch in, the drive of the cam now continuing without manually holding the lever 72. Whenthe cam has made one complete rotation, moving.

the member 61 to the right andback to its initial or left-hand position, the recess 70 again comes into registry with the roller 69 and the springs 67 and 68 move the clutch member 52 to interrupt the drive of the cam. Thus the member 61 will move to the right and back again to its initial position and stop, the cycle being repeated .upon manual manipulation of lever 72 as above noted.

Mounted in front of the cutter 43 is a carriage 73 which is slidably'supported bya pair of legs 74 and 75 (see Fig. 2) upon a longitudinal shaft or rod 76 which is mount.- ed within the base 20, the legs 74 and 75 projecting downwardly through a slot 162 in the top of the base. This carriage 73 is thus movable longitudinally in a direction substantially parallel to the direction of movement of the member 61, and the carriage is provided with means for supporting a key blank to be operated upon by the cutter 43 and with means for supporting a master key or guide key. Keys-to be cut by the cutter 43 are of the type known as Yale keys or cylinder keys and in Figures 3 and 4 are illustrated a key blank 77 and a master key or guide key 78 of this type. The purpose of the cutting operation by the cutter 43 is accurately to reproduce in the key'blank 77 the shape of the key 78.

As best shown in Figures 5 and 6, the key" blank 77 to be. cut, is clamped between the lower'jaw and the upper jaw 7 9b of a clamping device 79 mounted upon the carriage 73 and. operatedto clamp or release the key blank. by a clamping screw 80.v The master key or guide key 78 is clamped upon the carriage 73 between the lower jaw 810i and the upper jaw 81b of. a clamping deviceSl operated by a, clamping screw- 82. The key blank 77 is clamped in the device 79 with its edge 77a facing toward the cutter 43 and the guide key 78 is clamped imposition with its edge 7 8a facing a guide .The carriage 73 is capable of swinging, about the axis of shaft, toward. and. away from the cutter-.43,

and a spring 84 (Figure 1) stretched between a projecting pin .85 on the carriage 73 and'a pin on the slidinglmember 61. urges; the carriage to swing inwardly toward. the cutter 43. This spring thus urges the edge 7 7 a of the key blank7 7 against the cutter .43

and urges the edge 7 8a of the guide key 78 against the guide 83.

- The guide 83 is shown indetail in Figures. 7, 8 and 9. Facing the edge 7 8a of the guide key 78, the guide is provided with a projecting edge 83a which is of exactly the contour of the peripheral operating edge of the cutter 43; The guide 83 is supported upon an upright 86 (see Figs. 5 and 6) of the base 20 and is adjustable in position thereon so over adjustable transversely of the plane of the cutter, being slidable in this direction upon the upright 86 and slidably interfitted therewith as at 164 and adjustable in position by means of the adjusting screw 89. The guide 83 is locked in the position to which itis adjusted by means of a screw passing through slots in the parts 83?; and 87 and threaded into the upright 86. Moreover, it

The plate 87 will be seen that by removing the screw 90 the guide 83 is removable and replaceable by other guide members suitable to cooperate with other cutting tools which may be substituted for the cutting tool 43. g

The carriage 73 carrying the key blank 77 and the guide key 7 8 is adapted to be moved back and forth upon its supporting shaft 76 by connection with the member 61 driven from the cam 55. The driving connection between the carriage 73 and themember 61 preferably comprisesan arm.91 '(shown in Figures 1, 2 and 5) which is secured to the right-handendof the carriage 73 andlen-i gages a recess 61a in the surface of the member '61. By swinging the carriage 73 about its supporting shaft 76 and in a direction l away from the'cutter 43 against the action of the spring 84, the arm 91 is moved out of recess 61a and hence out of engagement with the member 61 and the driving connection between the member 61 and the carriage 73 is V 7 thus broken.

' As shown in Figures 1 and 2, there is provided at the left-hand end of the apparatus 7 5 and in inoperative position in Figure 6.

This arm is provided in its upper edge with I a'sloping slot 94 which is adapted to engage a pin or projecting lug 95 on the side of the carriage 73. WVhen the arm is inoperative, as shown in Figure 6, it is swung downwardly and rests at its outer end upon the surface of the base 20. When moved upwardly to the position shown in Figure 5 the slot 94 engages with the pin 95, and the carriage 73 is thus swung outwardly about its supporting shaft 76 and away from the cutter 43. Moreover, the arm 92 is so shaped and its pivot 93 is so positioned that, when moved to the position shown in Figure 5, it looks the carriage in the outward position shown against the action of the spring 84 (see Flg. 1). In addition to thus movin the carriage 73 away from the cutter and hoTdingthe carriagein this position, the arm 92 is provided with a pair of projecting lugs 96 and 97 which serve as guides to aid in properly positioning the key blank 77 and the guide key 78 in their respective clamping devices 79 and 81, so that they will be properly relationed to the cutter 43 and the guide 83. In Figures 3 and 4 the lugs 96 and 97 are shown in operative relation to the key blank 77 and the guide key 78 with which they respectively coact. It will be seen that these two lugs provide shoulder stops or abutments against which the shoulders 77 b and 78b of the key blank and guide key may be moved. When the key blank and guide key are thus relationed to the lugs 96 and 97 they are in proper position and properly alined in their respective clamping devices so that the cutter 43 will strike the key blank 77 at the same instant that the guide 83 strikes the guide key 78 and so. that the cutting operation upon the key blank will start at precisely theproper point.

WVhen the arm 92 is moved upwardly to operative position, thereby moving the carriage 73 away from the cutter 43, it Will be seen (see Fig. 5) that the arm 91 moves out of recess 61a and thus breaks its driving con nection with the member 61. Therefore the drive of the carriage 73 cannot be started until the arm 92 is moved downwardly into inoperative position. The apparatus is thus safeguarded, and damage to the lugs 96 and 97 or disrupting of the clamped keys which might occur by the operator carelessly starting the drive of the carriage without moving the arm 92 out-- of operative position, is effectively avoided.

Inthe operation of cutting a key blank of the cylinder type such as the key blank 77 shown in Figure 3, the parts are initially positioned as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings. The cutter 43 is rapidly rotated through its driving connection with the motor 21. The cam 55 is so positioned that the member 61 and hence the carriage 73 in driving connection therewith are at their extreme left positions- The recess 7 O in the cam 55 is in registry with the roller 69 on the member 63 and the clutch member 52 is thus held in position of disengagement from member 51. The operator moves the arm 92 upwardly, thereby drawing the carriage 73 outwardly (see Fig. 5) and locking the carriage in this outwardly drawn position against the action of the spring 84, thus also disengaging the arm 91 from member 61. The operator then places the guide key 78 in the clamping device 81 with the shoulder 7 8?) thereof properly up against the lug 97 and places the key blank 77 in the clamping device 79 with the shoulder 77 b properly up against the lug 96. The arm 92 is then moved downwardly to inoperative position, permitting the carriage 73 to move inwardly, the arm 91 thereon enter-ing into driving engagement with the.

member 61. The operator then moves the lever 7 2to the right holding the clutch member 52 in engagement with member 51 until the rotation of the cam 55 is started, cam 55 holding the clutch member 52 in engagement with member 51. The cam now drives the member 61 and with it the carriage 73 to the right and back again to their initial positions whereupon the roller 69 drops into the recess 70 of the cam 55 and the drive of the carriage is stopped.

During this movement of the carriage the surface 78a of the guide key 78 moves along the edge 83a'of the guide 83, the carriage being urged inwardly by the spring 84. As the carriage moves along, it swings inwardly and outwardly about its supporting shaft 76 in accordance with the depth of the depressions in the surface of the guide key 78a. The key blank 77 partakes of this in and out movement as it moves across the cutter 43. The shapeof the surface 78a of the guide key is thus accurately reproduced in the edge 7 7a of the key blank. During the operation, the key blank receives two cuts, moving relative to the cutter to the right and then back againto its initial position. As the key blank.

izis

moves to the right it is givenswhat might be termed'a roughing cut by cutter 3and as it moves back to the left it is given what might be termed a finishing cut. The shape of the guide key 7 8 is thus faithfully and neatlyreproduced in the key blank 77 as well as expeditiously and with the greatest accuracy.

Referring now again to Figure 1, as was earlier described herein, the shaft 40 (shown at the right-handportion of Figure 1) is driven through a train of gearing from the motor 21 and its drive may be thrown inor out through the medium of the clutch collar 30. This shaft 40 is supported in suitable bearingsupports and 101 and at its right-hand end carries a circular cutting tool 102 which is clamped in position upon the reduced end portion of the shaft and'against a shoulder 103 by means of a nut 10 1. The cutter 102 may thus be rotated at high speed by the shaft- 10 and is removable by means of the-nut 104 for the purpose of substituting other cutting tools. This cutter 102 is adapted for cutting what are known as sideward notches in keys of the barrel type. In Figure 14 there is shown a key 108 of this type comprising what are known as the bar- 'relportion 105 and the bit portion 106 having therein a si'deward notch or groove'1-07." In order to cut this sideward notch 107 the key 108 is supported beneath the cutter 102,- as shown -in Figures '2 and 12. The key is clamped between two sliding jaw members 109 and 111 (see Figs. 2,12,1'3 and 1) the jaw members 109 and 111 are slidably mounted between two arms 112a and 112b of acarriage 112 to be more" clearly described herein after[ The arms'l12awand 1126 are suitably formed or shaped as at 1120 a-nd 1126 (see Figs. 12 and 13) to slidably guide the'members 1'09 and 112. j

A screw 110 having a squared head to permit its manual operation passes through the jaw member 111 and is threaded i-ntothe jaw member 109, as .is clearly shown in Figure 13 and by means of this screw 110 the jaw member 111 may be forced along the guiding ways 1120and 1116 toward the jaw member 109 to permit the clamping of a key 108 {(see Fig. 2) therebetween. 'The jaw member 11-1 is bored outjas at *llla and through this bore passes the shank 113a of ascrew generally indicated at .113, the .threaded porltionof the shank 113w being threaded into the jtl-Wlllllk her 109. The screw 113 is provided with a squared head to permit its manual operation and adj acent the head thereof the screw 113 "is providedwith an annulargroove 1:18b'within which is received a suitably' s lotted plate member 17 0 secured to the'carriage 112 as by the screw 171 (seefFi'g. 12'). arrangement permits rotation 'o'fthe screw 113 but will be 'seen'ito prevent movement of the screw in anax'ial direction; hence when jthe concayed as at 109a'and111b so asto permit the'barrel portionKlike the portion 3.05mi? rigi M) of a. key to be seated against one of the curved portions and to permit thebit portion (ii-kc the portion 106 of 14) to be seated against the othercurved portion. Intermediate of these curved portions the jaw'membe r 1 09 is provided with a'pedesta'l 1096 and the jaw member 111 is provided with a pedes'tal'lllc :(ibetter shown in Fig. '2) and these pedestal portions are interleaved or telescoped -one with respect to theother, as is clearly shown-in Figure 13. Thepedesta-l portions thus provide a solid suppont for the -substantially middle portions of the bit portion of thekeyythe curved faces 109a and 'ill blof the aw members acting-to depend; ably seat the bit portion of the key solidly upon the telescoping pedestal portions .1096 and 1110. I Thus, the key may besolid lyand depend-ably held for cutting action }by the cutterfl 02. j 1 The carriage 1'12is sl i'daible longitudinally of the plane of the-:cutter'ona "pair of sup porting rods" 11 1 and which passes through it. 'l -hese supporting rods at their left-hand ends as seen in Figures 12 and aresecuredin an outwardly projecting arm 1160 of a w shaped brac ket lltl; the righthandends of therods 114 and 115 areseeured in the projecting part 1167) of the bracket 1 16. The left-hand end of the bracket 11-6 is p'i-voted upon-a pin-117 whio'h projects outwardly from the upright 101. The right-hand end *of the bracket 116 is provided therein with a erticals'lot 118 through which passes a screw 11'9 threaded into the upright 101. "The bracket "116 carrying the'carriage 1 -12 andthe key clamping mechanism 109 may thus be raised or lowered by being swung about the pin 117. g'lhe'apparatus is locked in-the-ppsit'ion'to which it isthus qvert ica-ll'y adjusted by tightening the screw 119. The "carriage 112 carrying the 'key 108 may bemoved along the supporting rods 114:;and 1-15'-by-m eans of :afeed screw 120. r

o In order to cut asideward notch such 'as li'l'lQ'Qid'WflIfd notch 107 in the key 3108, the key is clamped in the clamping device 109- 111,; as shown *in Figs. 2 and 12; and-as above described. The position oftho "key relative tothe cutter 102 may be properly adjusted transversely of the plane offjthe cutter means 01113118 adjusting screw 113 which, "as will be'clearfrom Fig-13; moves the members andlaway from'the spindle 123a.

109 and 111 together as ajunit alongtheways 1120 and 1126, and the depth of cut to be taken may be adjusted by means of swinging thesupporting rods-114 and 115-about the screw 117 and thereafter locking the parts by'means of the screw 119. The key having been clamped and thusproperly adjusted, the carriage 11-2 is fed along by means of the screw 120carrying the key along beneath the cutting tool 102. A sideward notch is cut which 'is of a width equal to the width of the cutting edge of the rotating tool. If a narrower notch is required, the tool 102 may be removed and replaced by a correspondingly narrower cutter. If; a, wider notch is re-.

quired, the cutting tool may be replaced by a wider tool or, if desired, the notch may be cutin two or more passes of the key beneath the cutter, the position of the key relative to the cutter being altered by means of the screw113.- 7

7 Referring again to Figure 1 of the drawings, between the two bearing supports or uprights 100 and 101 is rotatably supported a member in the nature of a turret or spider 121 having a plurality of'radially projecting arms,-the arms in this instance being four in number and two thereof, 121a and 1216 being visible in section in Figure 1. Each of these four arms carries one of a plurality of cutting tools which are adapted to be brought into position one at a time to operateupon a .keyblank carried in a clamping device 122 as will presently be described,

The rotatable member 121 is conveniently mounted about the shaft 40, the shaft 40 passing therethrough as shown in Figure 1. As also shown in this figure, the member 121 is positioned so that the cutting tool 123 carried by the arm 1216 is in position to operate upon a key blank clamped in the clamping device 122. The arm 121a, spaced 180 from the arm 1216, carries a cutting tool124 of a type different from the tool 123 and adapted to perform upon the keyblank a different cuttingoperation. The tool 123 is fixed upon a shaft 123a, being clamped against a shoulder 1236 thereof by means of a nut 125. The shaft or spindle 123a is rotatably supported in the arm 1216 and at its left-hand end is pr vided with a pin 126 passing-therethrough a secured therein. Shoulder1236 atoneend and a nut 165 at'the other end of the shaft prevent longitudinal movement thereof relative to the shaftsupporting arm. When the mem ber 121 is in the position shown in Figure 1, theleft-hand end of the spindle 1230 is in position to coact with a collar 127 which is mounted upon the right-hand end of the shaft 35. The collar 127 is splined to the shaft 35 so that it rotatestherewith and is slidable along the end portion of the shaft 35 toward g In the position shown in the drawings the collar 127 is moved to the left at which position it is preferably held'by means of'a suitable spring acting betweenthe collar andthe shaft 35. and positioned within the collar. ,When the collar 127 is moved to the right it embraces the end portion of the spindle 123a and the projecting ends of the pin 126 enter a diametrical slot 128 of the collar. This slot is suitably notched as indicated so that when the collar is moved to the right to embrace the end portion of the spindle 123a and is then slightly rotated, the collar is prevented from moving to the left again under the urge of the spring therein. The collar 127 with the coacting pin 126 thus forms a detachable driving connection between the shaft 35 and the spindle 123a carrying thecutting tool 123. When the collar 127 is moved into position of driving engagement thecutter'123 is rapidly rotated directly from the shaft 35.

The cutting tool 124 is, fixed upon ashaft or spindle 129 which is rotatably carried in the arm 121a and which is provided with means identical with those just described in connection with the spindle 123a for drivin connection with the collar 127 The cutting tool 124 may be brought into position to operate upon the key blank held in the clamping device 122 by simply rotating the member 121 until the spindle 129 comes opposite the collar 127. The drive'ofthe cutter 124 maythen be connected as was the driveof the cutter 123. Referring. to Figure 2 ofthe drawings, the remaining two arms 1210 and 121d of the member-121 are shown. The arm 12 10 is provided with aspindle 130 shown as carrying a'cutting tool 131, and the arm 121d is provided with a spindle132; These spindles 130 and 132 are provided with means identical with that of the spindles 123a and 129 for forming a driving connection with thecollar 127 on theshaft 35. The cutting tools carried by the spindles 123a, 129, 130 and 132 are removable and replaceable by other cutting tools by simply removing the nuts which hold the respective cutting i ,7

tools in place upon the spindles.

V 7 Referring again to Figure 1, the right-hand endof each of the spindles 123a, 129, and 132 is provided with an axial recess 166 which is adapted to receive a pin 133. This pin is slidably supported in the upright 101 and on the side of the axis of the member 121 diametrically opposite the collar 127 on the shaft 35. The pin 133 is urged to the left by a spring 134 and is'provided with a head 135 on the right-hand side-of the upright 101 whereby the pin may be-manually withdrawn from a recess 166 and against the action of the spring. This pin 133 serves in a restraining capacity and serves to steady the member forming their cutting operations upon the key blank. The restraining pin coacts with the spindle .which is diametrically opposite the spindle carrying the cutting tool which is performing its work. Thus, as shown in Figure 1, the pin 133 is in registry with the recess 166 of the spindle 129 while the spindle 123a is in operative position.

It will thus be seen that a variety of sizes or shapes of cutting tools may be carried by the member 121 and that each of these tools is in readiness to be brought instantly into position to be driven and tooperate upon the key blank clamped inthe clamping device 122. When a tool is operating upon a key blank the tool is dependably driven directly from the sha t and, moreover, the turret member or spider 121 is dependably held in the position desired. The shaft 35is driven through the clutch member 30 so that the drive of the collar 127 may convenient-1y be interrupted while it is being adjusted into or gut of driving engagement with the spinles.-

Considering now more particularly the mounting of the clamping device 122, this is mounted upon a carriage 136 which is shown in Figure 1 and more in detail in Figures 2 and 12. The carriage 136 is provided with a pair of upright legs 137 and 138 which, at their lower ends, are slidably carried upon a shaft 139. The shaft 139 is mounted in the base'20 beneath the upper surface thereof and the legs 137 and 138 project downwardly through slots 167 and 168 respectively in the base surface. The carriage 136 is thus movable back and forth along the shaft 139m a direction parallel to the axes of rotation of the cutting tools carried by the spider 121 and, moreover, the carriage may be swung.

about the axis of the shaft 139 toward and away from the cutting tool. 7 Referring to Figure 12, the clamping device .122 is operated by means of a screw 140 and is shown in this figure as carrying therein a key blank 141 to be operated upon. The carriage 136 has thereon a second clamping device 142 which is operated by a screw 143 and which is adapted to hold a master key or guide key such as the key 144 shown in Figure 12. The key blank 141 shown supported in the clamping device 122 in Figure 12 to be operated upon by the cutters is a barrel type of key. This key blank is shown in Figure 15 with the cutter 123'in operative relation thereto, and in thisjfigure is also shown the master key or guide key 144. The

I apparatus is adapted for cutting the key blank 141 to produce therein an exact duplicate of the guide key 144.

As is shown in Figure 15, a cutter in the nature of the cutter 123 may be employedto trim and square ofi the ends of the bit145 of the key blank. WVhen this operation is performed there in provideda guide member 146 which cooperates with the end surfaces of the bit 147 of the guide key 144. This guide member 146 isshown in Figure 12' and is seen "to comprise a cylindrical rod which fits in an opening 148 passing through an upright lug 149 which projects. upwardly tool 123, as is shownin Figure 15. In order to square OR the front and rear ends of. the bit 145 of the key'bla'nk, the carriage 146 is slid along the supporting rod 139 until the guide member 146 is in line with the corresponding edge of the bit 1470f the guide key 144. The carriage is then swung inwardly toward the cutting tool, carrying the key blank into engagement with the cutter 123. When the guide member 146 strikes the barrel 144a of the guide key (as shown in Figure 15) the inward movement of the carriage is checked, cutting ceases, and the edge of the bit 145 of the key blank is accurately squared ofl? and cut. b I

The cutter 123 or one similar thereto having a wider or narrower cutting face asmay be required, is employed to cut in the key blank the notches corresponding to the notches147a ofthe guide key. In order to out these notches'147a, the carriage 136 is moved so that the notch in the guide key which it is desired to reproduce inthe key blank lines up with the guide 146 or with a similar guide which may be substituted for the guide 146. The carriage is thenswung inwardly" toward the cutting. tool andthe required notch is cut in the key blank, the cutting action ceasing whenthe guidestrikes the base of the notch in theguide key. Preferably the guide which is used will be ofia width equal to that of the notch in the guide key which it is desired be reproduced and the edge of the cutter will be of acorrespending width. The notches 147a of-the guide key may thus be reproduced inthe keyblank 141 with the greatest accuracy both as to depth and as to width. I In order to cut in the key blank the notches corresponding to; the end notches .1476 of the guide key,;a cutter is used which is similar inshape to the cutter 124fshown in section in Figure l.

i This cutter-1 24 is provided with two in erally facing cutting edges 124a and 124?).

.In Figure 16 the cutting edge 124a is shown operating upon the bit 145 of the key blank 141 to cut a notch in the forward edge of this part. Also in Figure 16 is shown the guide key 144 and a guide member-151m engagement with the end notch of the bit 147, whichnotch is to be. reproduced in thebit of'the key blank. The guide 151 it will 7 be understood-is shaped at its lower portion similar to theguide 146 and is supported in the recess 148"(Figure 12) and held in place therein by the screw 150. In the operation of cutting these end notches, the carriage 136 is swung toward the cutter 124 until the guide 151 lines up with the recess in the guide key 144 which it is desired to reproduce in the key blank 141. The carriageis then moved along its supporting shaft 139 until the guide 151 strikes the base of the notch in the guide key, arresting the movement of the carriage. The cutting edge 124a of the rotating cutter cuts a notch of exactly the required depth in the bit 145 of the key blank 141. In order to cut the notches in the rear end of the key blank bit the cutting edge 1246 of the cutter 124 is employed as will be understood. It will be understood also that more than one cutter of the nature of the cutter 124 may be mounted upon the turret 121 so that cutting edges of different widths may be available. Also, any of the cutters carried by the spider 121 are removable from their shafts or spindles and replaceable by other cutters.

' Referring to Figure 12, it will be seenthat the clamping device 122 comprises two parts 122a and 122?) between which the barrel of the key blank 141is clamped. The lower part 1226 rests upon the carriage 136 and has a longitudinally extending ridge which mates with a groove in'the carriage. The clamping screw 140 passes downwardly through the parts 122a and122b and threads into the carriage 136. The screw passes through the clamping parts substantially midway between its two sides and thus there are provided clamping means at either side of the screw, the clamping means on the right-hand side of the screw as viewed in Figure 12 holding the key blank 141. By loosening the screw 140, the entire clamping device including the parts 122a and 1226 may be lifted upwardly so thatthe ridge on the bottom of the part 122?) disengages the groove with which it mates in the carriage." The parts may then-be swung through 180, so that the side of the clamping device opposite the side which is shown clampingthe key blank 141 may be brought adjacent to the cutter. This latter side of the clamping devicewhich is indicated by the numeral 1220 is adapted for clamping a flat key as distinguished from-a key of the barrel type. 'In'F-igure 17 the clampingdevice 122 is shown turned at 180 from its position shown. in Figure 12 and clamping a flat key 152. In this figure also the cutter 123 is shown operating upon this flatkeyp 7V The clamping device 142 for clamping the guide key is similarly constructed to be capableo-f being turned through 180 so as to 'bringeither side thereof adjacent to the guide 146, one side of the clamping device being adapted to clamp a key ofthe barrel type and the other side thereof being adapted .for clamping a fiat key. -In- Figure 18 the hat key blank 152 is shown being operated upon by the cutter 123 and a flat guide key 153 is shown in relation to a suitable guide member 146. Notches corresponding to those of the guide key 153 may be cut in the key blank 152 by lining up the notch of the guide key with the guide 146 and then moving the carriage toward the cutter. lVhen the guide 146 strikes thebase of the notch the movement of the carriage is arrested and the cut is made in the key blank 152 corresponding in depth to the notch in the guide key.

From the foregoing it will be seen that there is herein provided an apparatus which achieves the objects of this invention including many practical advantages. The apparatus is capable of a wide range of use and capable of operating with dependably accurate results under all conditions. The apparatus is compact and the operating mechanisms thereof are conveniently accessible and easily adjusted to meet the conditions under which the mechanism is used.

As many possible embodiments may be made of the above invention, and as many changes might be made in the embodiment above set forth, it is to be understood that all matter hereinbefore set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings, is to be inter preted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. V

I claim asmy invention: 7

1. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a cutting tool, means for holding a key blank for operation thereon by said tool, means mounting said key-holding means adapted to permit it to be moved past said tool and toward or away from said tool, a driven member for moving said mounting means past said tool, and means forming a connection with said driven member adapted to permit movement of said mounting means toward oraway from said tool and adapted upon-a predetermined movement away from said tool to become disconnected.

2. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, acutting tool, a carriage having means adapted to hold a key blank for operation'thereon by said tool, means mounting said carriage for movement back and forth past said tool, and means including a cam adapted to drive said carriage to carry said blank past said tool through a predetermined length of travel and to then interrupt said drive, means permitting relative movement between said cutting tool and said key blankholding means in a direction toward or away from each other, and means operative, during said predetermined length of travel of said carriage, to cause such relative movement bebetw'cen said tool and said key blank-holding ineans as will give said blankthe shape of a :ey.

3. In "apparatus o f the class described, in combination, a cutting tool, a carriage having vmeans adapted to hold a key blank for operation thereon by said tool, meansmounting said carriage for movement back and forth relative movement between said tool and said key blank-holding means in a direction transversely to the movement of said carriage, means operative during movement of said carriage to cause relative movement between said tool and said blank-holdingmeans in said transverse direction, thereby to give said key blank a key contour,;and means adapted to disconnect said driving means upon completion of predetermined movement of said carriage.

4. In apparatus of-the class described,fin combination, a cutting tool, a carriage having means adapted to hold a key blank foroperation thereon by said tool, meansmounting said carriage for movement back and forth past said tool, a rotatable cam adapted-when rotated to move said carriage, means adapted to rotate said cam, means permitting movement of said carriage in a direction toward or away from said tool, connections between said carriage and said cam adapted to pern it movement of saidcarrlage toward or away from said tool as said cam moves said carriage, and means adapted to disconnect said cam-rotating means from said cam upon com-V.

predetermined movement of said and adapted in one complete rotation to move I said carriage so as to carry said key blank across said tool and back to its initial position, means for rotatingsaid cam, and a clutch through which said cam is driven.

6. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a'cutting tool, a carriage-having means adaptedto hold a key blank for operation thereon'by saidtool, meansimounting said carriage for movement ba ckancl forth past said tool, meansfor. causing said carriage, during movement thereof, to move toward or away from said toolaccording to a predetermined key pattern, a rotatable cam adapted when rotated to move saidcarriage and adapted in one complete rotation to move said carriage so as'to carry said key blank across said tool and back to its initial position, means for rotating said cam, and means adapted to arrest the rotation .ofsaid cam.

upon completion of one complete rotation thereof. 7. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a movable carriage, means upon said carriage adapted to hold a key blank'for cutting operation thereon, means uponsaid carriage adapted to hold a master key, a cutting tool adapted to operate upon said key blank, a guide fixed in position withrespect to said tool and adapted to en'gag'ethe sur-;

face of said master key, spring means acting upon said carriage and adapted to press said key blank-against said cutter and said master key against said guide, means adapted to vmove said carriage and said blank andsaid erativeto hold said carriage awayfrom said spring. a

8. In appa-ratus of the class described, in combination, a movable carriage, means upon said carriage adapted to hold a key blank for cutting operation thereon, means upon said carriage adapted to hold a master key, a outtoo] and said guide against the action of said ting tool adapted to operate upon said key;

blank, a guide fixed in position with respect.

to said tool andadapted to engage the surface of said master key, spring means acting upon said'carriage andadapted to press saidkey blank against said cutter and said master key;

againstsaid guide, means adapted to move said carriage and said blank and said key guide, and a member movable toward and therewith relative to said cutter and said 1y when said member is moved towardsaid carriage to form ab'utments against which said key blank and said master key may be placed for proper positioning thereof'insaid:

holding means therefor uponsaid carriage, said member having. associated therew th means adapted when operative to hold said carriage outwardly ,away from said 'tool.

against the action of said spring means.

'9. In apparatus of the class described, in

' combination, a movable carriage, means upon said carriage adapted to hold a key blank for cutting operation thereon, means upon said carriage adapted to hold a master key, acut; ting tool adapted to operate upon said key blank, guidefixed in position with respect to said tool and adapted to engagethe sur- 7 face of said master key, spring means acting upon said carriage and adapted to press said-- key blank against said cutter. and said master keyagainst said guide means adapted to key therewith relativeto said cutter and said .move saidcarriage and saidblank and 'said and from said guide when said member is away from said carriage and having thereona pair of projecting parts adapted respectively when said member is moved toward said carriage to form abutments against which said key blank and said master key may be placed for proper positioning thereof in said holding means therefor upon said carriage, said member having means adapt-. ed to hold said carriage away from said tool cutting tool adapted to operate upon said key blank, a guide fixed in position with respect to said tool and adapted to engage the surface of said master key, spring means acting upon said carriage and adapted to i press said key blank against said cutter and said master key agamst said guide, means mounted independently ofsaid carriage and driven longitudinally in a direction trans- 7 Verse to the plane of action of said cutter upon said blank, and a detachable driving connection between said last means and said carriage whereby said carriage is moved to carry said key blank across said cutter and said master key across sald gulde.

1 1. In apparatus of the class described,in

combination, a movable carriage, means upon said carriage adapted to'hold a key blank for cutting operation thereon, 'means upon said carriage adapted to hold a master key,

a cutting tool adapted to operate upon said key blank, a guide fixed in position with respect to said tool and adapted to engage the surface of said master key, spring means acting'uponsaid carriage and adapted to press saidkey blank against said cutter and said master key against said guide, and means 7 adapted to drive said carriage to move said key blank thereon across said cutter and adapted to be disconnected from said vcarnage when said carriage is moved away from said cutter against the action of said spring.

12. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a movable carriage, means upon said carriage adapted tohold a key blank for cutting operation thereon, means upon said carriage adapted to hold a master key, a cut- 'tingtool adapted to operate upon said key blank, a guide fixed in position with respect a, to said tool and adapted to engage thesurfacevof said masterkey, spring means act- 7 y IHgYUPOH sald carriage and adapted to press said keyblank againstsaid cutter and said master key against said guide, a member having a detachable connection with said carriage,and means adapted to drive said member longitudinally in a direction transverse to the plane of'action of said cutter tocor respondingly move said carriage connected therewith.

13. In apparatus of the class described,in combination, a movable carriage, means upon said carriage adapted to hold a key blank for cutting operation thereon, means upon said carriage adapted to hold a master key, a cutting tool adapted to operate upon said key blank, a guide fixed in position with respect to said tool and adapted to engage the surfaceof said master key, spring means acting upon said carriage and adapted to press said key blank against said cutter and said master key against said guide, a member having a detachable connection with said carriage, and means adapted to drive said member longitudinally in a direction transverse to the plane of action of said cutter to correspondingly move said carriage connect ed therewith, said driving means comprising a rotatively driven cam.

14. In apparatus of the class'described, in combination, a movable carriage, means upon said carriage adapted to hold a key blank for cutting operation thereon, means upon said carriage adapted to hold a master key, a cutting tool adapted to operate upon said key blank, a guide fixed in position with respect to said tool and adapted to engage the surface of said master key, spring means acting upon said carriage and adapted to press said key blank against said cutter and said master key against said guide, a member having a detachable connection with said carriage, and means adapted to drive said member longitudinally in a direction transverse to the plane of action of said cutter to correspondingly move saidcarria-ge connected therewith, said driving means comprising means adapted to give said member and said carriage a longitudinal movement to carry said key blank across said cutter and back to its initial position.

15. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a movable carriage, means upon said carriage adapted to hold a key blank for cutting operation thereon, means upon said carriage adapted to hold a master key, a cutting tool adapted to operate upon said key blank, a guide fixed in position with respect to said tool and adapted to engage the surface of said master key, spring means acting upon said carriage and adapted to press said key blank against said cutter and said master key against said guide, a member having a detachableconnection with saidcarriage, and means adapted to drive said member longitudinally in a direction transverse *to the plane of actiono-f said cutter'to correspondingly move said carriage connected therewith, said driving means being adapted to give said member and said carriage therewith'a predetermined longitudinal movement, and

means adapted to render inoperative said I meansadapted to hold a key blank for operdriving means upon completion of said predetermined movement.

16. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a movable carriage, means upon said carriage adapted to hold a key blank for cutting operation thereon, means upon said carriage adapted to hold a master key, a cutting tool adapted to operate upon said key blank, a guide fixed in position with respect to said tool and adapted toengage the surface of said master key, spring means acting upon said carriage and adapted to press said key blank against said cutter and said master key against said guide, a member having a detachable connection with said carriage, means adapted to drive said member longitudinally in a direction transverse to the plane of action of said cutter to correspondingly move said carriage connected therewith, said driving means comprising a rotatably driven cam, a clutch through which said cam is driven, and means adapted to dis engage said clutch upon completion of pre determined rotation of said cam.

17. In apparatus of the class described, combination, a cutting tool, a carriage having ati on thereon by 'said tool, means, mounting said carriage for movement to carry said key blank past said tool, means permitting rela tive movement between said tool and said blank-holding means in a direction substantially transverseto the movement of said carriage past said tool, means adapted to give said carriage said movement including a rotatable cam and a clutch through which said cam driven, means responsive to movemerit of the carriage past said tool for controlling saidrelative movement between said tool and said blank-holdin g means, and means adapted to disengage said clutch upon completion of a'predetermined rotation of said cam. i

18. In apparatus of the class described, in

combination, a cutting tool, a carriage having means adapted to hold a key blank for operation thereon by said tool, means mounting said carriage for movement to carrysaid key blank past said tool, means'permitting relative movement between sa d tool and said blank-holding means in a" direction substantially transverse to the movement of said carriage past said tool, means adapted to give said carriage said movement including a rotatable cam and a clutch through which said a cam is driven, means responsive to movement said relative movement between said tool of the carriage past said tool forcontrolling and said'blankholding means, means adapted to disengagesaid clutch upon completion of" support a key blank for operation thereon, a

plurality of independent cutting tools adapted when driven to operate upon a key blank supported in said means, means mounting said tools adjacent said support to enable Sald tools to be brought one at a time into operative relation to said key blank, and means for driving a selected tool when brought into operative relation to said key blank.

20. In apparatus of the class described,

combination, means adapted to grip and support a key blank for operation thereon, a plurality of independent cutting tools adapted to operate upon a key blank supported in said means, means for driving said tools, and"; means mounting said-tools adJacent said 'support toenable said tools to be broughtone at a time into operative relation to said driving means and into engagement with said key blank. I

21. ,In apparatus of the class described, in

.i as

combination, means adapted to grip and support a key blank for operation thereon, a plurality of independent cutting tools adapted to operate upon a key blank supported in.)

said means, a rotatable support carrying said tools and adapted to be rotated to bring said tools one at a time into operative relation to said key blank, driving means for said tools, andmeans for connecting said driv lng meansto each of saldtools as it is brought into operative relation to said key blank.

22. In apparatus of the class described, in

spindles rotatably mounted in said arms, out- 1 ting tools carried by said spindles, saidmenr berbeing adapted to be rotated to bring said cutting tools successively into action upon said key blank, and driving means adapted to be connected to drive each of said cutting tools as it is brought into operative relation to said key blank.

24. In apparatus of the class described, in

combination, means adapted to grip and sup port a key blank for operation thereon, a rotatable member adjacent said supporting meansand having a plurality of radial arms,

spindles rotatably mounted in said arms, cutting tools carried bysaid spindles, said memberbeing adapted to be rotated to bring said cutting tools successively into action upon tools are in operation.

25. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, means adapted to grip and support a key blank of the barrel type, a rotatable member adjacent said supporting means,

' a plurality of rotatable cutting tools carried by said member, said cutting tools being of different shapes and adapted for individual operation upon said key blank to cut ward notches in the three edges of the bit thereof, said member being adapted to be rotated to bring said tools separately into operative relation to said key blank, and means for driving each of said tools.

26. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a rotary cutting tool, a carriage adapted to support a key blank of the barrel type and to expose said key blank to the action of saidtool for cutting in the bit thereof a side ward notch, means for adjusting said carriage to move said key blank toward and away from the axis of rotation of said tool, means for moving said carriage to adjust the position of said key blank in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of said cutter, and means for moving said carriage to feed said key blank in a direction at right angles to said last direction.

27. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a rotating cutting tool having a peripheralcutting edge, a stationary guide mounted substantially in the plane of said cuttingtool and adjacent thereto,a carriage, means upon said carriage adapted to hold a key blank for engagementby said cutter, means upon said carriage adapted to hold a master key in position to engage said guide,

means mounting said carriage for movement to carry said key blank across said cutter and said master key across said guide, and a gauging device having a pair of surfaces adapted respectively for positioning said key blank and said master key upon said carriage, said two surfaces lying in a plane parallel to the plane of said cutter. Y

28. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a rotating cutting tool having a peripheral cutting edge, a stationary guide a mounted substantially in the plane of said cutting tool and ad acent thereto, a carriage, means upon said carriage adapted to hold a key blank for engagement by said cutter, means upon said carriage adapted to hold a Vmaster key in position to engage said guide,

means mountin said carriage for movement to carry saidkey blank across said cutter and said master key across said guide, a gauging device having a pair of surfaces adapted re spectively for positioning said key blank and surfaces lying in a plane parallel to the plane of said cutter, and means mounting said gauging device for movement into and out of cutting operation thereon, means upon said carriage adapted to hold a master key, a cutting tool adapted to operate upon said key blank, a guide fixed in position with respect to said tool and adapted to engage the surface of said master key, spring means acting upon said carriage and adapted to press said key blank against said cutter and said master key against said guide, means adapted to move said carriage and said blank and said key therewith relative to said cutter and said guide, a gauging means adapted for fixing the position of said key blank and said master keyrelative to each other in said holding means, means mounting said gauging means for movement into and out of operative position in a direction substantially transverse to the direction of movement of said carriage, a projection upon said carriage positioned inthe line of movement of said gauging means, said gauging means having therein a slot adapted to coact'with said projection to hold said carriage outwardly against the action of said spring when said gauging means ls in operative position.

30. In apparatus of the class described, in

said key blank across said'cutter and for movement toward and away from said outter, driving means for driving said carriage to give thereto said first movement, and a driving connection between said carriage and said driving means which is disconnected by movement of said carriage to carry said key blank away from said tool.

31. In apparatus of the class described, in combination a cutting tool, a'carriage, means upon said carriage adapted to hold a key blank to be operated upon by said tool, means mounting said carriage for movement to carry said key blank across said cutter and for movement toward and away fromsaid cutter, driving means for driving said carriage to give thereto said first-mentioned movement, a driving connection bet-ween said carriage and said driving means which is disconnected by movement of said carriage to carry said key blank away from said tool, a gauge movable into and out of operative position to position said key in said-carriage, and means associated with said gauge adapted to hold said carriage away from said tool.

- said master key upon said carriage, said two N 32. In apparatus of the class described, in

than that of said cutter, means actuated by said cam adapted to drive said carriage to move said key blank across. said cutter, and means operative during movement of said carriage to cause relative movement between said cutter and said blank-holding means according to a predetermined pattern.

33. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a rotating driving shaft, a rotating cutter driven therefrom, a carriage mounted for movement past said cutter, means on said carriage adapted to hold a key blank to be operated upon by said cutter, means permitting relative movement between said cutter and said blank-holding means but in a direction substantially transversely to the movement of said carriage, a cam driven by said shaft at a speed of rotation slower than that of said cutter, means actuated by said cam adapted to drive said carriage to move said key blank across said cutter, and means operative during movement of said carriage, to cause relative movement between said cutter and said blank-holding means according toa predetermined pattern, and means for inter-1 rupting the drive of said cam without interrupting the drive of said cutter.

34:. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a rotating driving shaft, a rotatmg cutter drlven therefrom, a carnage mounted for movement past said cutter,

means on said carriage adapted to hold a key blank to be operated upon by said cutter, means permitting relative movement between said cutter and said blank-holding means but in a direction substantially transversely to the movement of said carriage, a cam driven by said shaft at a speed of rotation slower than that of said cutter, means actuated by said cam adapted to drive said carriage to move said key blank across said cutter, and means operative during movement of said carriage to cause relative movement between said cutter and said blank-holding means according to a predetermined pattern, and means forbreaking the driving connection between said cam and said carriage.

35. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a rotating driving shaft, a rotat ing cutter driven therefrom, a carriage mounted for movement past said cutter, means on said carriage adapted to hold a key blank to be operated upon by said cutter, means permitting relative movement between said cutter and said blank-holdingmeans but in a direction substantially transversely to the movement of said carriage, a cam driven by said shaft at a speed of rotation slower than that of said cutter, means actuated by said cam adapted to drive said carria'geto move said key blank across saidfcutter, and

means operative during ,movement of said,

carriage to cause relative movement between said cutter and said blank-holding means according to a predetermined pattern, and automatic means adapted to interrupt the said drive of said carriage upon completion of a predetermined movement thereof.

86. In apparatus of the class described, in

combination, a rotating driving shaft, a rotating cutter driven therefrom, a carriage mounted for movement past said cutter,

means on said carriage adapted to hold a key blank to be operated upon by saidcutter, means permitting relative movement between said cutter and said blank-holding means but in a direction substantially transversely 'to the movement of said carriage, a cam driven by said shaft at aspeed of rot-ationlower than that of said cutter means actuated by sa d;

cam adapted to drive said carriage to movev said key blank across saidcutter, and means operative during movement of said carriage to cause relative movement betweensaid cutter and said blank-l1olding means according to a predetermined pattern, a clutch through which said cam is driven, and means adapted to disengage saidclutch upon predetermined movement of said carriage.

37. In apparatus of the class described,

combination, a rotating driving shaft, a rotating cutter driven therefrom, a carriage mounted for movement past said fcutter, means on said carriage adapted to hold a key blank to be operated upon by said cutter, a

cam driven by said shaft at a speed of'rota 7 tion slower than that of said cutter, means actuated by said cam adapted to drive said carriage to move said key blank across said cutter, said carriage being mounted also for movement toward and away from said cutter, and said driving connection between said carriage and said cam being broken by move ment of said carriage away from said cute ter. v

38. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a rotating cutter, a carriage mounted for movement past said cutter, means on said carriage adapted to hold akey blank for operation thereon by said cutter, rotating driving means adapted tomove said carriage to carry said key blank across said cutter and including a clutch, spring means tending to disengage said clutch, and-acam rotating with said driving meansadapted to hold said clutch in position of engagement against the action of said spring means throughout a portion of its rotation and to permit said spring meanstodisengage' said clutch upon predetermined movement of said carriage.

39. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, means adapted to grip and support a key blank, a rotatable memberadjacent said supporting means, aplurality of cutting tools carried by said member, one of said cutting tools having a peripheral cutting edge for cutting one kind of notch in a key blank and. another of said tools having a cutting edge. extending substantially at right angles to said peripheral cutting edge for cutting another kind of notch in said key blank, said member being rotatable to bring said tools separately into operative relation to said key blank, and means mounting said key supporting means'and said tools adapted to permit relative movement therebetween in directions to permit either of said cutting edges to perform a cutting operation.

40. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, means for holding a key blank, a plurality of tools adapted when driven to perform different cutting operations on a key blank, certain of said tools being shaped to cut notches of different widths and one of said, tools beingshaped to cut a notch in said key blank extending at right angles to the notch, cut by another of said tools, means mounting said tools adjacent said holding means adapted to permit said tools to be brought one at a time into operative position relative'to said key blank, means for driving a tool that is brought in operative position relative to said blank, and meansfor looking a tool in operative position relative to the key blank While permitting driving of said tool.

41. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, means for holding a key blank, aplurality of tools adapted to perform different' cutting operations on a key blank, certain of said tools being shaped to cut notches of different Widths and one of said tools being shaped to cut a notch in said key blank ex tending at right angles to the notch cut by another of said tools, means mounting said tools adjacent said holding means adapted to ermit said tools to be brought one at. a time into operative position relative to said key blank, a locking member, and a plurality of of different widths and one of said tools being shaped to cut a notch in said key blank extending at right angles to the notch cut by another of said tools, means mounting said tools adjacent said holding means adapted to permit said tools to be brought one at a time into operative position relative to said key blank, driving means, means for making driving connection between said driving means and a tool when the latter is brought into operative position relative to the key blank, and

means for locking the tool in said operative position.

43. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, means for holding a key blank, a plurality of tools each adapted to perform a cutting operation on a key blank, means mounting said tools adjacent said holding means adapted to permit said tools to be brought one at a time into operative position relative to said key blank, each of said tools a plurality of tools each adapted to perform a cutting operation on a key blank, means mounting said tools adjacent said holding means adapted to permit said tools to be brought one at a time into operative position relative to said key blank, each of said tools having a spindle, a driving member positioned so that, as a tool is brought into operative position relative to the key blank, the spindle of said tool is brought into operative position relative to said driving member, a clutch member associated with said driving member, and mating clutch means associated with each of said spindles for making driving connection with said driving member as a spindle is brought into operative position relative thereto.

45. In apparatus of the class described, in

combination, a key blank chuck, a rotary cutter for operating upon a key blank in said chuck, a shaft for driving said cutter, a support rotatable about said shaft and carrying a plurality of tools adapted to operate on a key blank, and means for holding a key blank, said support being adapted to be r0- tated about said shaft to bring said tools one at a time into action upon the key blank supported in said means.

46. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a rotary cutting tool, clamping means for holding a key blank for operation thereon by said. tool, said means including supporting ways extendin in a direction transversely of the plane of said tool, a pair of jaw members slidably mounted in said ways, means acting upon one of said members for adjusting it along said ways, and

means for forcing the other of said members toward said one member to grip a key blank therebetween.

47. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a key cutting tool, clamping means for holding a key blank foroperation thereon by said tool, said clamping means in eluding a pair of aw members, means for moving one ofsaid members toward or away from the other, and means forming a pedestal intermediate of said jaw members for supporting an intermediate portion of a key' blank clamped between said jaw members.

48. In apparatus of the class described, in

combination, a key cutting tool, clamping means for holding a key blank for operation thereon by said tool, said clamping means including a pair of jaw members, means for moving one of said members toward or away from the other, and a pedestal associated with each jaw member but spacedtherefrom pedestal intermediate of said jaw members for supporting an. intermediate portionof a key blank clamped therebetween.

50. In apparatus of the class described,'in combination, a rotatable member, a plurality of driven cutting tools carried by said mem-. ber, said cutting tools being of diiferent shapes and adapted for individual and different cutting operation upon the same key blank or upon key blanks of difierent types, key-holding means, said means including a plurality of clamping portions, each adapted to clamp a. different type of key blank, and

means mounting said key-holding means adapted to permit the clamping portions thereof to be selected to suit the type of key 7, blank to be operated upon and to be brought 4.5

as desired into operative position relative to said rotary member, said member being rotatable to permit selection of the tool or tools carried thereby and to position a selected tool or successively selected tools operatively relative to the key blank held by the selected clamping portion.

51. In apparatus of the class described, in

combination, a support, a plurality of driven cutting tools of different shapes and adapted to perform different cutting operations upon the same key blank or upon key blanks of, different types, means mounting said tools adjacent said support to enable said tools to be selected and brought one at a time into operative position relative to said support,-

means provided with a plurality of clamping portions each adapted to clamp a different type of key blank, and means mountingsaid last-mentioned means on said support to. enable said clamping portions to be selected and positioned one at a time to permit a key blank carried by a selected clamping portion to be oper'atedupon by a selected tool or by successively selected tools.

52. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, means for holding a key blank, a. plurality of tools each adapted to perform acutting-operation on a key blank, means mounting said tools adjacent said holding means adapted to permit said tools to be brought one at a time into operative position relative to said key blank, each of said tools having a spindle, means for driving the spindle of a selected tool, and means adapted releasably to engage a spindle to hold said mounting means in position.

58. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, means for holding a key blank, a plurality of tools each adapted to perform a cutting operation on a key blank, meansv mountin -said toolsadjacent said holding means adapted to permit said tools to be brought one at a time into operative position relative to said key blank, each ofsaid tools having a spindle, a driven member, means forming a releasable driving connection between said driven member and the spindle of a selected tool, and means for releasably engaging one of the remaining spindles to hold said mounting means and said selected tool in'position. v

" 54. In apparatus of the class described, i

combination, a cutting tool, a carriage hav ing means adapted to hold a key blank for operation thereon by said tool, means adapted to drive said carriage tocarry said key blank across said tool forfirst a roughing cut and then a finishing cut, means adapted to cause relative movement between said carriage and said tool, during. both of said cuts,

means, a plurality of rotary cutting tools carried bysaid member, one "of said cutting tools having a peripheral cutting edge and another of said tools'having an annular cutting edge, said two tools rotating, whendriven, about substantially parallel axes and said cutting edges being adapted respectively to cut end notches and ward notches in the bit of a key blank of the barrel type held in said blank-supporting means, said member being rotatable to bring said tools separately into operative relation to said key blank, and means mounting said key-supporting means and said tools adapted to permit relative movement therebetween in directions to permit either of said cutting edges to perform a cutting operation.

56. In apparatus of the class. described, in combination, a cutting tool, means for holding a key blank for operation thereon by said tool, means mounting said key-holding means adapted to permit it to be moved past said tool and toward or away from said tool, a driven member for movmg said mountmg means past said tool, means forming a con fiftool to become disconnected, and gauging means movable into and out of position for fixing the position ofa key blank relative to said holding means operating, when moved into position relative to said holding means,

2 to hold said mounting means away from said tool and in a position wherein said mounting means is disconnected from said driven member.

57. In apparatus of the class described, in

2:5 combination, a cutting tool, means for hold,-

ing akey blank for operation thereon by said tool, means mounting said key-holding means adapted to permit it to be moved past said tool and toward or away from said tool, a

Slidriven member for moving said mounting means past said tool, means forming a connection with said driven member adapted to permit movement of said mounting means toward or away from said tool and adapted upon a predetermined movement away from said tool to become disconnected, gauging means for fixing the position of said key lank relative to said holding means therefor, and means movably mounting said gauging means so that movement thereof into operative position relative to said holding means gives said mounting means said predetermined movement away from said tool and efiects disconnection of said connection. 7 58. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a cutting tool, means for holding a key blank for operation thereon by said tool, means mounting said key-holding means adapted to permit it to be moved past said tool and toward or away from said tool, a driven member for moving said mounting means past said tool, means forming a connection with said driven member adapted to permit movement of said mounting means toward or away from said tool and adapted upon a predetermined movement away from said tool to become disconnected, gauging means for fixing the position of said key blank relative to said holding means therefor, means movably mounting said gauging means so that movement thereof into operative position relative to said holding means gives said mounting means said predetermined move ment away from said tool and'eflecting disconnection of, said connection, and means causing said gauging means to hold the parts moved thereby in position to maintain disconnection of said connection.

59. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a cutting tool, means for holding a key blank for operation thereon by said tool, means mounting said key-holding means adapted to permit it to be moved past said tool and toward or away from said tool, driving means including a: detachable connection for moving said mounting means past said tool, gauging means movable into and out of position for fixing the position of a key blank relative to said holding means, and means responsive to movement of said gauging means into position relative to said holding means for breaking said driving connection.

60. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a cutting tool, means for holdinga key blank for operation thereon by said tool, means for holding a master key, a guide adapted for coaction with said master key, means mounting said two holding means to permit the latter to be moved toward or away from said tool and guide, and gauging means movable into and out of position for fixing the position of said key blank and said master key relative to each other in said holding means therefor, said gauging means being adapted when operative to hold said mount ing means in a position such that said two holding means are respectively awayfrom said tool and said guide.

61. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a. cutting tool, means for holding a key blank for operation thereon by said tool, means for holding a master key, a guide adapted for coaction with said master key, means mounting said two holding means to permit the latter to be moved toward or away from said tool and guide, pivoted gauging means adapted, whenswung in one direction about its pivot, to move into a position relative to said two holding means to permit fixing of the key blank and master key relative to each other in said two holding means and when swung in the other direction about its pivot to be moved out of operative relation to said two holding means, and means causing said gauging means when swung in said first-mentioned direction about its pivot to hold said mounting means in such a position that said two holding means thereon are re spectively held away from said tool and said guide; Y

62. In apparatus of the class described, in combination, a cutting tool, means for holding a key blank for operation thereon by said tool, means for holding a master key, a guide adapted for coaction with said master key, pivoted means mounting said two holding means for movement in a directiontoward or away from said tool, and guide, and pivoted gauging means adapted when swung in one 

